Chromium Isotopes Detection in their Ores with Minimal Errors
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The industrial production and use of chromium have grown considerably during the past five decades. Abundances of the chromium isotopes in terrestrial samples are identical to 0.01%. Among the dominant species of chromium, the trivalent form widely occurs in nature in chromite ores which is extremely immobilized especially in water bodies. Samples were mixtures of separated chromium isotopes and the calibration was made with the same species as those used in the measurements. The method had simplified the conversion of the ores to chromyl fluoride since the element could be readily separated as lead chromate from the leaching of chromite-sodium peroxide fusions. Isotope assay of chromyl fluoride under certain conditions was measured and the measurements of chromium isotopic anomalies ratios and isotope abundance of the chromite ores have been assessed. These provided sufficient quantitative mass spectrometric data, which were analyzed to calculate the abundance and the mean atomic mass of the questioned isotopes. Based on the high mass spectroscopy stability and the correction factors, the results were of good precision (incl. negligible systematic errors normally associated to inter-laboratory discrepancies) and the Cr isotopes availability (52Cr > 53Cr > 50Cr > 54Cr) was in conjunction with other classical tools such as oxygen isotopes. This paper is important for paleoecological, environmental, archeological, forensic, and nuclear researchers.
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2018 Aljerf L, et al.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Aljerf L. Advanced highly polluted rainwater treatment process. J Urban Environ Eng. 2018; 12. Ref.: https://goo.gl/RKCzy2
Aljerf L. High-efficiency extraction of bromocresol purple dye and heavy metals as chromium from industrial effluent by adsorption onto a modified surface of zeolite: kinetics and equilibrium study. J Environ Manage. 2018; 225: 120-132. Ref.: https://goo.gl/DehY8Y
Nowak R, Konstantinov L, Hess P. Licvd of Cr(C,O) films from Cr(CO)6 at 248 NM: gas-phase and surface processes. Mater. Res Soc Symp Proc. 1988; 129: 85. Ref.: https://goo.gl/Q4rhA8
Nier AO. A redetermination of the relative abundances of the isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and potassium. Phys Rev. 1950; 77: 789-793. Ref.: https://goo.gl/rMbXpt
Plies V. Mass Spectrometric investigations of the vapor phase over CrCl3 and CrCl3/Cl2. Cheminform. 1988; 19.
Hibbs RG. Electron Microscopy of human apocrine sweat glands. J Investig Dermatol. 1962; 38: 77-84. Ref.: https://goo.gl/HKkoHH
Bacuta GC, Kay RW, Rossman DL. High chromium and high aluminum deposits in the Zambales ophiolite complex, Luzon, Philippines: Origin and tectonic significance. Chem Geol. 1988; 70: 132. Ref.: https://goo.gl/XQo1KX
Xibin W, Peisheng B. Genesis of Podiform Chromite deposits--evidence from the Luobosa Chromite deposits, Tibet. Acta Geol Sin-Engl. 2009; 61: 77-94. Ref.: https://goo.gl/LBCEzV
Moutte J. Chromite deposits of the Tiebaghi ultramafic massif, New Caledonia. Econ Geol. 1982; 77: 576-591. Ref.: https://goo.gl/xNJRpH
Bacuta GC, Kay RW, Gibbs AK, Lipin BR. Platinum-group element abundance and distribution in chromite deposits of the Acoje Block, Zambales Ophiolite Complex, Philippines. J Geochem Explor. 1990; 37: 113-145. Ref.: https://goo.gl/ywyLUY
Verryn S. X-Ray powder diffraction data for Chromite from the UG-2 of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. S Afr J Geol. 2008; 111: 225. Ref.: https://goo.gl/SQ8Cyh
Prendergast MD. Archean Komatiitic sill-hosted chromite deposits in the Zimbabwe Craton. Econ Geol. 2008; 103: 981-1004. Ref.: https://goo.gl/KKU91k
Page NJ, Engin T, Singer DA, Haffty J. Distribution of platinum-group elements in the Bati Kef chromite deposit, Guleman-Elazig area, eastern Turkey. Econ Geol. 1984; 79: 177-184. Ref.: https://goo.gl/m4UV2L
Simonov VA, Ivanov KS, Smirnov VN, Kovyazin SV. Physicochemical parameters of the melts participating in the formation of chromite orehosted in the Klyuchevsky ultramafic massif, the Central Urals, Russia. Geol Ore Dep. 2009; 51: 109-122. Ref.: https://goo.gl/RzUx93
Gazaleeva GI, Shikhov NV, Vlasov IА, Shigaeva VN. The Donskoy Ore Mining and Processing Industrial Complex chromite tailings retreatment technology development. Obogashch Rud. 2017; 1: 16-20. Ref.: https://goo.gl/WLv6y8
Hammer S, Nettleton LL, Hastings WK. Gravimeter prospecting for chromite in Cuba. Geophys. 1945; 10: 34-49. Ref.: https://goo.gl/qLTPDX
Guild PW. Petrology and structure of the Moa Chromite district, Oriente Province, Cuba. Trans. Amer Geophys Union. 1947; 28: 218. Ref.: https://goo.gl/G19iKP
Mackowiak K, Pickles CA. Microwave reduction of Black Thor chromite ore. Can Metall Q. 2018; 57: 341-349. Ref.: https://goo.gl/9r15HB
Agarwal S, Pal J, Ghosh D. Development of chromite sinter from ultra-fine chromite ore by direct sintering. Int Sci Int J. 2014; 54: 559-566. Ref.: https://goo.gl/3tSPNm
Mondal SK, Mukherjee R. Chromite: Petrogenetic indicator to ore deposits. Ore. Geol Rev. 2017; 90: 63-64. Ref.: https://goo.gl/xRu2n4
Jones VE. Chromite deposits near Sheridan, Montana. Econ Geol. 1931; 26: 625-629. https://goo.gl/zEdfCf
Stobbe H. Chromite and other Minerals near Red Lodge, Montana. Rock Miner. 1962; 37: 117-124. Ref.: https://goo.gl/FqcsBx
Flesch GD, Svec HJ. New preparation for chromyl fluoride and chromyl chloride. J Am Chem Soc. 1958; 80: 3189-3191. Ref.: https://goo.gl/esJTjf
Flesch GD, White RM, Svec HJ. The positive and negative ion mass spectra of chromyl chloride and chromyl fluoride. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Phys. 1969; 3: 339-363. Ref.: https://goo.gl/5tPj2i
Duval C. Applied inorganic analysis (zéme edition). Anal Chim Acta 1953; 9: 390.
Green PJ, Gard GL. Chemistry of chromyl fluoride. 5. New preparative routes to chromyl fluoride. Inorg Chem. 1977; 16: 1243-1245. Ref.: https://goo.gl/CFgi3a
Sheft I, Martin AF, Katz JJ. High temperature fluorination reactions of inorganic substances with bromine trifluoride addition compounds1a,1b. J Amer Chem Soc. 1956; 78: 1557-1559. Ref.: https://goo.gl/E5Qe7F
Young ED, Rumble D, Freedman P, Mills M. A large-radius high-mass-resolution multiple-collector isotope ratio mass spectrometer for analysis of rare isotopologues of O2, N2, CH4 and other gases. Int J Mass Spectrom. 2016; 401: 1-10. Ref.: https://goo.gl/MBh5m6
Brodskii AI, Dontsova EI. Exchange between oxygen isotopes in inorganic solvents. Chem Abstr. 1940; 37: 4947.
Mills GA. Oxygen exchange between water and inorganic oxy-anions. J Amer Chem Soc1940; 62: 2833-2838. Ref.: https://goo.gl/cejopN
Lindau CW, Delaune RD, Patrick WH, Lambremont EN. Assessment of stable nitrogen isotopes in fingerprinting surface water inorganic nitrogen sources. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1989; 48: 489-496. Ref.: https://goo.gl/bwBvmR
Russe K, Valkiers S, Taylor PDP. Synthetic isotope mixtures for the calibration of isotope amount ratio measurements of carbon. Int J Mass Spectrom 2004; 235: 255-262. Ref.: https://goo.gl/nKM7sf
Junk G, Svec HJ. The absolute abundance of the nitrogen isotopes in the atmosphere and compressed gas from various sources. Geochim Cosmochim Act. 1958; 14: 234-243. Ref.: https://goo.gl/5eB2Ct
Holden NE, Martin RL. Atomic weights of the elements 1981. Pure Appl Chem. 1983; 55: 1101-1118. Ref.: https://goo.gl/JEcm28
Un A, Demir F. Determination of mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers and effective electron numbers for heavy-weight and normal-weight concretes. Appl Radiat Isot. 2013; 80: 73-77. Ref.: https://goo.gl/G9ZMYS